Upscaling 480i VHS for modern 4K TVs?
With the technical knowledge now in 2022, what is the best way (hardware or software, understanding that hardware is the preferred method) to upscale a 480i video (VHS capture), so it looks as good as it possibly can when it is being viewed on modern 4k LED TV's? It is my understanding that VHS captured videos should be deinterlaced prior to upscaling.
It should be known that the videos will be on USB drives and plugged into a TV directly. I know a preferred method is to leave the video interlaced and burned onto DVD but I prefer flash drives for the main reasons of scratched or broken discs and eventual incompatibility. |
There is no need to go all the way to 4k from SD, Anything after HD is a matter of line doubling, deinterlace and upscale to 1440x1080, Your 4K TV will just have to double the lines, no heavy computation therefore no more quality loss.
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It's better not to upscale at all and if you do have to upscale for whatever reason, the only resolution to avoid is 720p, It was a pro mobile camera resolution for sports and news gathering back in the day where progressive frames is needed (30p) for fast moving objects because 1080p was not possible yet, It became one of the standards for over the air broadcasting and quite few native 720p panels and consumer camcorders were made. Not anymore, it is as dead as DV, no 720p panels are being made anymore, Youtube dropped support for 720p and consider it SD now, your HD or 4K TV or monitor will have to re-upscale 720p files to HD or 4K on the fly anyway, so it's a middle man that is no longer needed. So no, don't make that mistake.
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video_org=AviSource("<your file>") Code:
ffmpeg.exe -i input.avs -c:v libx264 -aspect 4:3 -c:a aac output.mp4 |
I use Topaz Video Enhance AI. It uses artificial intelligence to upscale the video. It works very well. There are several different AI models to try. It has models that work with interlaced as well as progressive video sources. I recommend you clean up the audio with Goldweave and do any color, contrast and other filtering before hand. I use Davinci Resolve Studio but you can use any program you are familiar with. I then render the video uncompressed then run it through Video Enhance AI. I am using Windows 11 a Mitsubishi HS HD2000U Svideo to a Diamond VC500 one touch capturing the video and My onboard Realtek for audio with Virtualdub64 using Utvideo 4:2:2 codec.
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Much longer discussion here: https://forum.videohelp.com/showthread.php?t=399360 Quote:
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- Onboard Realtek are very hit-or-miss, tinny, scratchy audio. Which specific board is it? I've seen a few good onboard Realtek, but mostly bad. |
Topaz does a great job I really see no artifacts. Artifacts will be created if you use the wrong ai model.
I have read the agc complaints but my 7nit does not seem to have issues. |
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Topaz with aggressive settings creates interesting but unnatural results with VHS sources.
With less aggressive settings, it just sharpens the video a little, not worth the effort. Maybe someday it will be useful for VHS upscaling. :praying: So don't upscale, just use QTMC to deinterlace to 60p, and use the "grain" tuning in Handbrake to prevent macroblocking. |
I had bad luck with Topaz software myself. Given it is a nice and simple process to get a deinterlaced video, it was not worth the quality loss I saw personally every time I tried it.
Has anyone ever tried out a Framemeister unit? I have seen some videos of it recently and show some promise of being able to deinterlace and upscale. |
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The difference between traditional upscaled and ai upscaled is they sythesize pixels that are not there. This can create artifacts. I usually clean up as much as I can in low res then feed that to Topaz. My Mitsubishi HS HD200 has TBC and filters so it outputs a significantly cleaner capture. I can deinterlace before in resolve or avsynth. Tender to non interlaced,no compressed avi or other format then feed that to Topaz. I will upload samples.
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There are probably cases where the simpler methods could end up working better though if the starting footage is very bad. |
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In this experiment I leave Topaz doing the full filtering and compare versus the Avisynth flow: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vmHJyF_XxT0 In both cases AviSynth is better. Additional comparison (Topaz oversharpen): https://imgsli.com/MTAzNTg4 Some discussions we had in the past: https://forum.videohelp.com/threads/...-AI-discussion (go through all pages to find nice samples) https://forum.videohelp.com/threads/...Topaz-products https://forum.doom9.org/showthread.php?t=183124 A common agreement we reached, was that the best approach is trying to use both AviSynth/VapourSynth and Topaz VEAI to obtain the best results. Topaz does not help in most of the cases. However, is worth a try for a quick a decent result . Edit: we are talking about upscaling on VHS captures here! |
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On the flip side, if we want to run QTGMC to deinterlace, we may be willing to wait and let it run at 5 frames per second. Gamers want deinterlacing that gets frames through their entire display chain at a latency of less than half a frame, and are willing to accept ugly results for this benefit. If you want to look at outboard scaling, the target demo we match with would be closer to home theater enthusiasts. https://www.avsforum.com/forums/video-processors.37/ |
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