I haven't done much testing yet, but a "USB audio interface" will have super low noise amplifiers may be something to consider depending on your budget. If you already have some other audio capture card and are happy with the results, then there's no point in trying other things, but that is what an actual recording studio would use to record live audio samples either from microphones or pre-amplified instruments.
Having those super low noise amplifiers may make it so that you can have the playback audio at a much lower volume and not actually need to distort it by turning it up a lot during the capture (if that's a problem).
The actual program used with it to record would still be something like audacity.
I am certainly no expert, just an option to consider depending on your budget.
Another thing you could try if you get noisy audio is an audio ground loop isolator which is basically an isolation transformer for audio. those are very cheap - something like $7-$10 on
Amazon.