I don't know which adapters you used, but for full-size optical (and hard drives) you need an adapter that can deliver both 12 volt and 5 volt power. The common usb->sata adapters you find are typically made for the smaller laptop hard drives and only deliver 5 volt power. USB doesn't deliver 12 volt power so a capable adapter (or full-size external drive) will typically come with a separate power adapter (
example, I don't know about chipset issues). (In theory it would maybe be possible to deliver 12 volt through usb 3.1, but idk if any adapters do that.)